Build with AI · Module 2

Describe It:
From Chatbox to Workspace

What to give AI

Yan Wang, PhD
Describe itModule 2 · today
Check itModule 3
Choose itModule 4
Build itCapstone

Module 1 recap · YZ’s iceberg

Underneath the prompt: what you give AI

A prompt A tool ChatGPT · Codex · Claude Code An output
What you don’t see: where the results come from

Technical intuition

  • What to give AI Today · Module 2 · Describe it
  • Where it will break Module 3 · Check it
  • What to check Module 3 · Check it

Product principles

  • What’s worth building
  • Who needs it
  • What “good” means
Module 4 · Choose it (YZ)

Memory, RAG, MCP, skills, sub-agents: underneath every new noun is one mechanism.

Where it hurts

Five pains, as you use AI more

1“It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.”
2“I explain the same rules every time.”
3“The more I give it, the less it listens.”
4“Big tasks come back shallow.”
5“It’s correct, but it plays it safe.”

What do these have in common?

Describe it · The one mechanism

What do these have in common?

When something is missing from the window,
the model fills it with the average.

The painMissing from the windowThe fix · stage
1“It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.” Your facts 1a workspace
2“I explain the same rules every time.” Your rules, and what done looks like 2a skill file
3“The more I give it, the less it listens.” The rule that matters, buried 3a map of your files
4“Big tasks come back shallow.” Room for each part 4separate windows
5“It’s correct, but it plays it safe.” Your judgment 5a judgment file
Today’s map: for each pain, we reproduce it, find what was missing, and fix it with one file.

One case through all five stages

Our running case: the WBR

DatabaseSQLSheetsChartsReport
The work

Pull weekly metrics, explain what moved, and write the leadership memo.

The stakes

You hold the mic in front of senior leaders. One wrong number destroys trust.

We start where most people start: a blank chatbox.

It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.

Leave the
chatbox.

In a browser chat, the model cannot see your tables, schemas, or files, so it guesses.

1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.a workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.a skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.a map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.separate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.a judgment file

Stage 1 · The model is stateless

No memory, only a window

Your files · on disk ecommerce_data.db query.sql metric_definitions.md last_week_wbr.md Outside the window, it does not exist Context window “Write the weekly revenue SQL.” table names: missing filled with the average everything the model can see right now = memory (RAM) Model Reboots on every call = a fast CPU Invented SELECT week, SUM(revenue) FROM orders a confident guess
A faster CPU still cannot reason over facts it doesn’t have.

Stage 1 · Product memory: two ways it fails

But it has memory now?

It forgets something

You repeat it once.

Annoying, visible, easy to repair.
chats 1–5you say it again
It remembers the wrong thing

Future chats start from a false premise.

Quiet, repeated, hard to diagnose.
chats 1–5a stale fact is saved
10,134automatic memories224retained after manual cleanupMem0 case study
You write it, or AI proposes and you approve.

Stage 1 · A workspace

The workspace: where context can live

An agent is the same model, plus permission to open your files and run commands.

Looks at your filesRuns commandsChanges filesShows you what changed
The Codex app: a chat list on the left, the conversation in the middle, and a review panel on the right.
1
Chats: each one starts with a fresh window
2
Conversation: your goal, its plan
3
Review: what changed. You approve.The terminal runs in the background

Claude Code · Codex · Cursor work the same way

Stage 1 · Demo 1 · Live in Codex

Same question, two homes

Chatbox
Write the weekly-revenue SQL.
SELECT week, SUM(revenue)
FROM orders ...

A similar request in ChatGPT: see the full answer ↗

Confident. Plausible. Wrong tables.
Workspace
Write the weekly-revenue SQL.
Live in Codex
$ sqlite3 demo/ecommerce_data.db .tables
channels  customer_types  daily_metrics
dates  product_categories
FROM daily_metrics dm
JOIN dates d ON dm.date_id = d.date_id
tables: demo/ecommerce_data.db · query: demo/query.sql
It looks before it answers.
Watchit goes and looks before answering.

Stage 1 · Principle 1

Work where context accumulates

What we tried firstWe pasted schemas into every chat, uploaded files to projects, and turned on auto-memory.
What workedPut the project in a folder the agent can read from and write back to.
Stage ruleIf it’s not in the window, it doesn’t exist.

I explain the same rules every time.

Write it
once.

1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.a workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.a skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.a map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.separate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.a judgment file

Stage 2 · Week after week

The same corrections, every week

Week 1new chat
Fiscal week starts Monday
Use net revenue, not gross
Lead with the conclusion
Week 2new chat
Fiscal week starts Monday
Use net revenue, not gross
Lead with the conclusion
Week 3new chat
Fiscal week starts Monday
Use net revenue, not gross
Lead with the conclusion
Every new chat starts empty, so you say it all again.

Stage 2 · Root cause

You are the context bottleneck

Complete intent inside your head Leadership audience Metric definitions Last week’s formatting traps one correction at a time Context window partial specthe averagea correctionthe average broken drafterror trace“Sorry, you’re right…” leftovers
The model never receives the whole task at once.

Stage 2 · Demo 2

From a chat to a skill

Module 1 · Shift 1: Put your expertise into the definition of done.

1 · Replay theback-and-forth requirements scatteredacross the chat 2 · Distillinto a file skill.md ## Goal ## What done looks like ## Known traps requirements, corrections,constraints 3 · Rerunclean skill.md “Run next week’s WBR.” one clean handoffin a fresh chat
Watchnothing gets explained again in the fresh chat.
Stage ruleExplain it twice, write it once.

The more I give it, the less it listens.

Give it
a map.

When your workspace grows, dumping every file into the window makes the model worse.

1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.a workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.a skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.a map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.separate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.a judgment file

Stage 3 · Root cause

More in the window, less attention per rule

On disk 50 tables · 3 APIs · 20 metric rules Context window the whole folder the rule that matters buried
A rule buried under fifty files is as good as missing.

Stage 3 · A map of your files

Load only what the task needs (progressive disclosure)

Module 1 · Ask Lizheng on AI Builder Space 256 MB limit Load everything ≈260 MB Index once, read on demand 103 MB The agent’s first plan: ask Yan for 512 MB AGENTS.md INDEX.md skills/wbr.md the rest stay on disk
Stage ruleGive it a map, not the library.

Stage 3 · Sort before you load

The three baskets

FactsWhat is already truedatabase schemasmetric definitionsteam setup1SkillsHow to do the workrepeatable stepschecklistsknown traps2JudgmentHow to make a judgmentprioritiestrade-offsstandards3
Three WBR corrections
1“Our fiscal week starts on Monday.”Fact
2“Always lead the section with the conclusion.”Skill
3“Never recommend cutting a channel based on one week of data.”Judgment
Whenever something should persist, ask which basket it belongs in.

Stage 3 · Basket 1 · Facts

Facts: curate by hand, don’t outsource to memory

USER.md
Fiscal week starts Monday
Revenue = net of returns
Report goes to the VP of Ops

About you · role · goals · constraints · preferences · plain Markdown, tracked in Git

Your #intros post (goals, constraints, preferences) is already your first facts file. Any name works, as long as you @-mention it or AGENTS.md points to it.

Stage 3 · Keeping the files current

After each chat, update the files

CorrectionAI proposes an editHuman approvesFile updates
Ask the agent

“Why did you do this, and which rule in our files caused it?”

USER.md · proposed edit
+ Fiscal week starts Monday
Approvedbasket: Fact
Nothing is saved until you approve.

Big tasks come back shallow.

Split the
big task.

Analyze ten Black Friday competitors in one window, and each one gets a few lines.

1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.a workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.a skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.a map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.separate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.a judgment file

Stage 4 · Root cause

One window, one response: each part gets a sliver

One window · ten competitors rules Competitor ACompetitor BCompetitor CCompetitor DCompetitor ECompetitor FCompetitor GCompetitor HCompetitor ICompetitor J One response ABCDEFGHIJ
1
One response has to cover all ten
2
The middle gets skipped
3
Each rule counts for less
A bigger window is still one response.

Stage 4 · Multi-agent

Multi-agent: what we tried, what works

What we tried first

Role-play agents

PM Engineer “You are the PM. You are the engineer.” same window, more acting

Different hats, but no better context.

What works

Separate windows

Main window ABCD +6 A.mdB.mdC.mdD.md+6

Each sub-agent gets one task and its own fresh window. Each sub-agent writes its full report to its own file.

One sub-agent per part. Each writes its own file.

Stage 4 · Demo 3 · Prepared runs

Same task, three ways

TaskAnalyze ten Black Friday competitors

Run 1One agent does all ten ABCDEFGHIJone window
Run 2Ten sub-agents, one final write ABCDEFGHIJone final write
Run 3Ten sub-agents, script merge, edit on top ABCDEFGHIJscript
comparison, edited on top
Stage ruleWrite apart. Merge with code. Edit on top.

It’s correct, but it plays it safe.

Write down
your judgment.

The numbers are right and the draft is ready in seconds, but it makes no real call.

“Performance was mixed. Continue monitoring trends.”
1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.a workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.a skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.a map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.separate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.a judgment file

Stage 5 · Two training forces

Trained toward consensus

vague specific pre-training the average after alignmentpolite · balanced · hedged your memo your judgment
Pre-training

Learns the most typical answer, the one it has seen most often.

Alignment

Rewards safe, balanced, non-offensive positions.

The model is trained for the average, not your specific judgment.

Stage 5 · Think first

Think first, then make it attack

The call: cut a marketing channel after a bad week in the WBR?

1Guess first

Write your conclusion, assumptions, and weakest point before opening AI.

Module 1 · YZ’s Guess first
2Force the attack

Ask for counterexamples, hidden assumptions, and where your call breaks.

3Load your judgment file

Point it at your written rules, not a persona prompt.

Think first, then let AI test you. Ask first, and you get the average.

Stage 5 · Basket 3 · Judgment

Judgment in practice: the judgment file

judgment.md
A01 · Rank before elaborating.
A02 · Name what the data cannot prove.
A03 · Turn missing evidence into a work order.
A04 · Ask why before adding.
Memo 1

“Performance was mixed. Continue monitoring trends.”

Naked model
Memo 2

“Checkout drop-off is the main problem, though the data does not show why. Freeze ad budget increases and test the payment flow first.”

Loaded model
Stage ruleYour judgment is the part you can’t rent.

Assembled · one real system

One real system: yage.ai, my website

No daily manual help · Over 3 months
topicresearchwritepublishfeedback
Weekly users
2,500
7,000
Daily users
255
1,000
Subscribers
300
1,200
Shipping is easy now. Readers vote with their attention.

Assembled · inside yage.ai

What's inside: five assets at work

1Workspace
Research, publishing, and measurement happen inside one closed loop.
2Skill file
Every data source and publishing action has a reusable procedure.Search Console · Analytics · newsletter API
3Map
Feedback accumulates into better topic decisions.
4Separate windows
Research fans out, cross-checks, and returns conclusions.
5Judgment file
Forty-four written rules prioritize and shape the final judgment.44 written rules
Your capstone digital twin is built from these same five assets over your own notes.Validation and authorization: Module 3 · Check it

What’s my edge?

When everyone has the same AI, what is my edge?

Models are rented.
Context is owned.

Rented capability youcompetitor Acompetitor B Same upgrade · same day · every competitor
Owned context Your facts · skills · judgment · compounding every week

Each model upgrade reasons better over your files.

Assembled · the whole module on one page

Five pains, five fixes

The painWhat fills the gapThe fix
1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.Invented schemas and guessed factsa workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.A default processa skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.A buried rule the defaulta map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.A few lines per partseparate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.Safe, polite consensusa judgment file
This week · no new homework, inside YZ’s assignments
1Do YZ’s Assignment 1 inside a workspace folder.
2Save your #intros post as a facts file in your workspace.
3Explain a task twice? Distill it into a skill.
When the next new noun appears: what does it put in the window, and what’s simpler?

Questions & discussion

Which pain did you pick at the start?

What is the one file you will write this week?

1It doesn’t know my stuff, so it makes things up.a workspace
2I explain the same rules every time.a skill file
3The more I give it, the less it listens.a map of your files
4Big tasks come back shallow.separate windows
5It’s correct, but it plays it safe.a judgment file
Build with AI · Module 2 ·